兄弟会(英語:fraternity)是一些男性為實現某種宗教世俗目标而共同組建的组织社团俱乐部[1][2][3][4]共济会紳士俱樂部学生兄弟会都是某種意義上的兄弟會。 [5][6][7]有時秘密結社後組成的組織也會被視為兄弟會。 [8][9]尽管兄弟会的成员大多数仍仅限于男性,但情况并非总是如此。 [10]

1948年共济会西德召開一次會議

参考文献

编辑
  1. ^ Fraternity. Oxford Dictionaries. [2 January 2016]. (原始内容存档于July 12, 2012). 
  2. ^ Fraternity. Dictionary.com. [2 January 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03). 
  3. ^ Fraternity. TheFreeDictionary.com. [2 January 2016]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-11). 
  4. ^ Fraternal orders. TheFreeDictionary.com. [2 January 2016]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-11). 
  5. ^ Milne-Smith, Amy. A Flight to Domesticity? Making a Home in the Gentlemen's Clubs of London, 1880–1914. Journal of British Studies (Cambridge Journals). 2006, 45 (4): 796–818 [2 January 2016]. S2CID 145471860. doi:10.1086/505958. (原始内容存档于2016-04-21). 
  6. ^ Milne-Smith, Amy. Club Talk: Gossip, Masculinity and Oral Communities in Late Nineteenth-Century London. Gender & History. 2009, 21 (1): 86–106 [2024-02-25]. S2CID 143824046. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0424.2009.01536.x. (原始内容存档于2024-03-20). 
  7. ^ Rashdall, Hastings. The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Salerno. Bologna. Paris. 1895 [2 January 2016]. 
  8. ^ What Is Freemasonry. Alberta: Masonic Higher Education Bursary Fund. [2 January 2016]. (原始内容存档于9 January 2014). 
  9. ^ Edwin A. Biedermann, "Logen, Clubs und Bruderschaften", Droste-Verlag, 2007, 2. Auflage, ISBN 3-7700-1184-8, 415 Seiten
  10. ^ Adventure in Friendship: A History of The National Panhellenic Conference (PDF). National Panhellenic Conference. 2012 [January 22, 2017]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于June 28, 2013).